汽车工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 2232-2240.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.010

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基于兰姆波的CFRP电池箱冲击损伤评估

李仲玉1,2,贺子桐1,王剑锋1(),王兵3,刘逸群1,张君媛4   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学(威海)汽车工程学院,威海 264209
    2.湖南大学,整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室,长沙 410082
    3.哈尔滨工业大学,特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001
    4.吉林大学,汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室,长春 130025
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01 修回日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 王剑锋 E-mail:wjfeee123@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QE336);湖南大学整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室开放基金(32215007);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2023KJ078)

Impact Damage Assessment of CFRP Battery Box Based on Lamb Waves

Zhongyu Li1,2,Zitong He1,Jianfeng Wang1(),Bing Wang3,Yiqun Liu1,Junyuan Zhang4   

  1. 1.School of Automotive Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Weihai,Weihai  264209
    2.Hunan University,National Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle,Changsha  410082
    3.Harbin Institute of Technology,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments,Harbin  150001
    4.Jilin University,National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics,Changchun  130025
  • Received:2024-07-01 Revised:2024-08-28 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-20
  • Contact: Jianfeng Wang E-mail:wjfeee123@163.com

摘要:

兰姆波具有传播距离长、成本低、对损伤敏感性高的特点,为研究碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)电池箱因低速冲击造成的目视不可见的冲击损伤提供了巨大的潜力。虽然相对声学非线性参数(relative acoustic nonlinear parameters,RANP)被证明在量化复合材料冲击损伤程度方面有效,但损伤对其影响机制尚未得到探索。本研究采用实验和仿真相结合的方法,首次研究了不同冲击损伤对兰姆波在CFRP电池箱中传播的影响。为此,首先建立电池箱结构的几何模型,然后针对CFRP开展冲击实验,搭建CFRP电池箱损伤-监测的仿真模型,最后研究分层、基体压缩损伤和纤维拉伸损伤等对CFRP电池箱损伤评估参数的影响。结果表明,建立的CFRP仿真模型计算精度可靠,RANP参数对各模式损伤面积敏感,而对于损伤在厚度方向上出现的位置不敏感;损伤会使兰姆波在传播时产生新的频率成分,计算RANP参数能够分析损伤的程度;损伤程度在较低时,RANP参数大小更多取决于分层损伤,一旦损伤超出某个阈值,RANP参数大小更多取决于纤维断裂等CFRP层内损伤。该研究成果对于汽车碰撞安全部件的结构-功能一体化设计具有重要指导价值。

关键词: 电池箱, 轻量化, 复合材料, 冲击损伤, 兰姆波

Abstract:

Lamb waves, with the characteristics of long propagation distance, low cost, and good sensitivity to various damages, offer significant potential for studying the visually undetectable damage caused by low-velocity impact in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) battery box. Although relative acoustic nonlinear parameters (RANP) have been shown to be effective in quantifying the degree of impact damage to composite materials, the mechanism by which damage affects them has not been explored. In this study, a combination of experimental and simulation method is used to study for the first time the effect of different impact damages on the propagation of Lamb waves in CFRP battery boxes. To this end, a geometric model of the battery box structure is first established. Then, impact tests are carried out on CFRP, and a simulation model for damage monitoring of CFRP battery boxes is built. Finally, the effect of delamination, matrix compression damage, and fiber tensile damage on the damage assessment parameters of CFRP battery boxes is studied. The results indicate that the established CFRP simulation model is reliable in calculation accuracy, with the RANP parameter being sensitive to the damage area of each mode, though not to the damage position in the thickness direction. Damage causes the Lamb wave to generate new frequency components during propagation. The calculation of the RANP parameter can thus analyze the degree of damage. When the degree of damage is low, the size of the RANP parameter depends more on the interlayer shedding damage, and once the damage exceeds a certain threshold, the size of the RANP parameter depends more on the intralayer damage such as the fiber damage of the CFRP. The research results have important guiding value for the structural-functional integrated design of automobile collision safety components.

Key words: battery box, lightweight, composites, impact damage, Lamb waves