汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2387-2396.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.12.011

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极限工况下车辆的偏航稳定性控制

韩勇1,2(),谢思航1,2,申水文1,2,秦振宇1,2,潘迪1,2,袁志群1,2   

  1. 1.厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院,厦门 361000
    2.福建省客车先进设计与制造重点实验室,厦门 361024
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 韩勇 E-mail:yonghan@xmut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52572424)和福建省自然科学基金重点项目(2024J02031)资助。

Yaw Stability Control of Vehicles Under Extreme Working Conditions

Yong Han1,2(),Sihang Xie1,2,Shuiwen Shen1,2,Zhenyu Qin1,2,Di Pan1,2,Zhiqun Yuan1,2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Xiamen University of Science and Technology,Xiamen 361000
    2.Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Passenger Vehicles,Xiamen 361024
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-19
  • Contact: Yong Han E-mail:yonghan@xmut.edu.cn

摘要:

高速行驶的车辆单侧碾过低附着系数路面(如积水或沙土)极易引发大幅度偏航失控,传统控制系统依赖驾驶员操作且鲁棒性不足,导致紧急工况下误操作风险加剧。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络滑模控制(radial basis function neural network sliding mode control,RBF-SMC)的主动前轮转向策略。首先建立车辆2自由度模型,并将RBF神经网络与滑模控制融合,通过自适应律逼近系统不确定性,有效抑制传统滑模控制的抖振问题。其次,基于魔术轮胎公式建立非线性轮胎模型求解车辆动力学微分方程获得车辆相平面动态稳定域,实现控制器仅在车辆濒临失控时自适应介入,减少对驾驶员正常操作的干扰。最后,通过双移线工况来比较不同控制器的控制性能,以及设计一种对开路面工况来模拟上述紧急工况来验证本文控制器的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法比传统的滑模控制器(sliding mode control, SMC)、线性二次型调节器(linear quadratic regulator, LQR)具有更好的偏航稳定性控制效果。

关键词: 偏航稳定性控制, 滑模控制, 魔术轮胎模型, 动态稳定域, 对开路面工况

Abstract:

A high-speed vehicle running unilaterally over a low traction coefficient road surface (e.g., water or sand) is very likely to cause a large yaw loss of control, and the traditional control system relies on the driver's operation and is not robust enough, resulting in an increased risk of misoperation under emergency conditions. To address this problem, in this paper a front wheel active steering strategy is proposed based on radial basis function neural network sliding mode control (RBF-SMC). Firstly, a two-degree-of-freedom model of the vehicle is established, and the RBF neural network is fused with the sliding mode control, which effectively suppresses the vibration problem of the traditional sliding mode control by approximating the system uncertainty through the adaptive law. Secondly, a nonlinear tire model is established based on the magic tire formula to solve the differential equations of the vehicle dynamics to obtain the dynamic stability domain of the vehicle phase plane, so as to realize that the controller intervenes only when the vehicle is on the verge of going out of control, reducing the interference to the normal operation of the driver. Finally, the control performance of different controllers is compared by double-shifted line conditions, and a folio road condition is designed to simulate the above emergency conditions to verify the effectiveness of the controller proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that this method has better yaw stability control effect than the traditional Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR).

Key words: yaw stability control, sliding mode control, magic formula model, dynamic stabilization domains, split-μ road condition