汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2159-2167.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.11.010

• • 上一篇    

基于扩展状态观测的燃料电池空气供应系统容错控制研究

曾升1,3(),岳美玲2,李昕彤2   

  1. 1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京 100081
    2.北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京 100044
    3.宇通客车股份有限公司,郑州 450000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2025-06-13 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 曾升 E-mail:13938478683@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(52407235)

Study on Fault-Tolerant Control for Fuel Cell Air Supply Systems via Extended State Observer

Sheng Zeng1,3(),Meiling Yue2,Xintong Li2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081
    2.School of Mechanical,Electronics and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044
    3.Yutong Bus Co. ,Ltd. ,Zhengzhou 450000
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-06-13 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: Sheng Zeng E-mail:13938478683@163.com

摘要:

为解决车用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)空气供应系统的容错控制问题,提出了一种基于扩展状态观测和输入-输出反馈线性化(IOFL)的自适应控制方法,能够有效观测系统在故障条件下的状态变化,自适应调整控制量,保证系统的可靠稳定运行。首先,基于文献中的PEMFC系统状态空间模型,构建了线性化反馈控制器,进而,基于扩展观测器对系统状态进行重构,实现对故障参数的有效估计。根据已构建模型和控制器,对压缩机过热故障、机械摩擦因数增大故障以及歧管空气泄漏故障,研究IOFL控制器和本文提出的自适应控制器对过氧比的控制效果。结果表明:自适应控制器在应对单一及多重故障时,均能有效消除稳态误差,确保系统稳定运行,并提供可靠的状态估计,显著提升空气供应系统控制的鲁棒性和可靠性。此外,控制结果还验证了所提出的自适应控制策略能够有效避免空压机电压振荡,从而进一步提升燃料电池系统的稳定性和延长其使用寿命。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 空气供应系统, 扩展状态观测, 容错控制

Abstract:

To address the fault-tolerant control issue in the air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for automotive application, an adaptive control method based on extended state observer and input-output feedback linearization (IOFL) is proposed, which effectively observes the state changes of the system under fault conditions, adaptively adjusts the control input, and ensures the reliable and stable operation of the system. Firstly, a feedback linearization controller is constructed based on the PEMFC system state-space model from the literature. Subsequently, the system states are reconstructed using an extended state observer to achieve effective estimation of fault parameters. Based on the constructed model and controller, the control performance of both the IOFL controller and the proposed adaptive controller on the oxygen excess ratio is investigated for compressor overheating, increased mechanical friction and air manifold leakage faults. The results show that the adaptive controller can effectively eliminate steady-state errors, ensure stable system operation, and provide reliable state estimation when dealing with single and multiple faults, which significantly enhances the robustness and reliability of the air supply system control. Furthermore, the control results also verify that the proposed adaptive control strategy can effectively avoid compressor voltage oscillations, thereby further improving the stability and extending the lifespan of the fuel cell system.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, air supply system, extended state observation, fault tolerant control