自动驾驶等级提高条件下驾驶人驾驶姿势变化规律分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the change rule of driver's sitting posture under the condition of the automatic driving level improvement， this paper calculates the internal target marker points of the human body based on the directly measured human body marker points and constructs a human body model， to determine the joint angles of seven parts of the driver during driving and quantitatively describe the differences between the sitting posture characteristics of automatic driving levels L0 and L3. The results show that after the automatic driving level increasing from L0 to L3， the driver's elbow flexion， chest and abdomen flexion， and knee flexion are increased to varying degrees， leading to the expansion of the activity space and the improvement of the sitting comfort， while the tendency of the back leaning back is deepened， the upper trunk tending to be twisted or compressed， and the back is tired due to insufficient support， reducing the riding comfort. The improvement of automatic driving level changes the driving task， so the driver's sitting posture characteristics also change significantly. This paper can provide an important reference for the research of cab layout and automatic driving function of highly autonomous vehicles.

Key words: autonomous driving, driving posture, joint angle, sitting comfort, body marker points

Qingyang Huang,Xiaoping Jin,Yikang Zhang. Analysis of Drivers' Driving Posture Change Rule Under the Condition of Automatic Driving Level Improvement[J].Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(3): 382-392.

Figures/Tables 19

References 37

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序号	标志点	定义
1	头部顶点	头部最高点
2	眉间点	眉脊水平方向最突出的点
3	眼外角点	上下眼睑最外侧交界处
4	眶下点	眼眶下缘的最低点
5	耳屏点	耳屏上方的软骨切迹（屏上切迹）
6	枕后点	枕骨后下隆起处，头发稍微按压
7	胸上点	颈静脉切迹上缘（胸骨柄上部）
8	胸骨剑突点	胸骨中线最下缘
9	肩峰点	肩峰最外侧边缘点
10	肱骨外上髁	肱骨外侧髁
11	手腕点	桡骨茎突与尺骨茎突之间
12	髂前上棘（左右）	髂嵴的前端
13	髂后上棘（左右）	髂嵴的后端，凸向后下方
14	耻骨联合点	位于腹部中线下方，耻骨联合前缘
15	股骨外侧髁	膝关节的上外侧
16	脚踝外侧点	踝关节外侧腓骨
17	脚内侧点	第一跖骨关节内侧
18	脚跟点	脚后跟与地板接触区域的中心
19	颈椎C7节点	又称隆椎，颈椎最下面的一个
20	胸椎T8节点	第8胸椎
21	胸椎T12节点	第12胸椎有一个全肋凹，横突上无肋凹

序号	评价指标	主观评价
1	颈椎	不舒服	偏不舒服	一般	偏舒服	舒服
2	手臂	不舒服	偏不舒服	一般	偏舒服	舒服
3	胸腹	不舒服	偏不舒服	一般	偏舒服	舒服
4	下躯干	不舒服	偏不舒服	一般	偏舒服	舒服
5	整体	不舒服	偏不舒服	一般	偏舒服	舒服

序号	姿势角	定义	意义
1	头部角度	法兰克福平面相对于向前水平面的角度（视线朝上时为正）	表示视线的角度
2	颈部角度	颈部脊柱中线与竖直线夹角	表示颈部的角度
3	肘部角度	大臂与小臂间的夹角	表示手臂的角度
4	胸部角度	上躯干与大腿间的夹角	表示上躯干角度
5	腹部角度	椎骨T12/L1与L5/S1骨性节点连线与竖直线的夹角	表示腰部的角度
6	骨盆角度	H点与椎骨L5/S1骨性节点连线与竖直线的夹角	表示骨盆的角度
7	膝盖角度	大腿与小腿间的夹角	表示腿部角度

项目	自动驾驶等级
关节角度	L0		L3
关节角度	平均值/（°）	标准差/（°）	平均值/（°）	标准差/（°）
头部角度	16.54	3.71	25.16	4.92
颈部角度	9.83	2.00	2.45	1.38
肘部角度	94.17	14.55	108.86	18.71
胸部角度	58.26	8.58	85.88	12.06
腹部角度	12.00	4.25	13.00	4.33
骨盆角度	50.27	6.80	47.35	7.95
膝盖角度	93.16	12.73	113.08	18.02

关节角度	平均值的变化量/（°）	变化量的标准差/（°）	平均值的变化率
头部角度	8.62	4.07	52.12%
颈部角度	-7.38	3.10	-75.08%
肘部角度	14.69	5.03	15.60%
胸部角度	27.62	10.45	47.41%
腹部角度	1.00	0.76	8.33%
骨盆角度	-2.92	1.46	-5.81%
膝盖角度	19.92	6.68	21.38%

Analysis of Drivers' Driving Posture Change Rule Under the Condition of Automatic Driving Level Improvement

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Figures/Tables 19

References 37

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评价指标	自动驾驶等级
	L0					L3
	平均值	标准差	F	P	η²	平均值	标准差	F	P	η²
颈椎	3.0	1.6	12.67	＜0.05	0.18	4.5	1.7	13.88	＜0.05	0.19
手臂	2.8	1.1	10.01		0.15	4.2	1.9	11.21		0.16
胸腹	3.2	1.4	10.84		0.16	2.5	1.2	11.30		0.16
下躯干	2.7	0.9	9.23		0.14	4.4	1.5	9.74		0.14
整体	3.2	1.5	10.89		0.16	4.3	1.9	12.13		0.17

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