汽车工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 187-200.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.02.001

• •    下一篇

汽车安全性测评规程现状及趋势展望

胡林1,2,谷子逸1,王丹琦1,2(),王方1,2,邹铁方1,2,黄晶3   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙 410114
    2.长沙理工大学,工程车辆轻量化与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410114
    3.湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙 410082
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19 修回日期:2023-07-27 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 王丹琦 E-mail:danqi_wang@csust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家杰出青年科学基金(52325211);国家自然科学基金(52172399);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0193);长沙市自然科学基金(KQ2208235)

Current Status and Trend of Automotive Safety Procedures/Programs

Lin Hu1,2,Ziyi Gu1,Danqi Wang1,2(),Fang Wang1,2,Tiefang Zou1,2,Jing Huang3   

  1. 1.School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha  410114
    2.Changsha University of Science and Technology,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Changsha  410114
    3.School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha  410082
  • Received:2023-06-19 Revised:2023-07-27 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-02-23
  • Contact: Danqi Wang E-mail:danqi_wang@csust.edu.cn

摘要:

在汽车产业电动化和智能化进程中,汽车安全测试评价技术也从单纯被动安全向主被动安全融合方向延伸和扩展。本文从车内乘员保护、车外弱势道路使用者保护与主动安全三方面,深入对比分析了全球主流汽车安全测评规程的差异,总结了针对各测评工况的车辆安全开发技术要点,探讨了新能源与智能网联汽车安全测评规程的发展趋势。研究认为,主流汽车安全测评规程在被动安全评价方面越来越严格,主动安全测评工况比重在逐步增加,未来测评规程的发展重心将集中于主被动安全融合及针对复杂工况的虚拟测评两方面。此外,针对新能源汽车的电池安全测试已相对完善,未来研究重点可向电控系统测试、底盘稳定性测试和充换电设施与配套设备统一标准化认证等方向拓展;而构建合理、可靠的智能网联汽车OTA(over the air)测试、HMI(human machine interface)安全性和舒适性等测评方法,在中长期内将成为行业关注的重难点问题,且可借助自动驾驶模拟器等工具搭建虚实结合的复合测评体系。

关键词: 汽车安全测评, 主被动安全, 新能源汽车, 智能网联汽车

Abstract:

In the process of electrification and intellectualization of the automobile industry, the automotive safety testing and evaluation technology has also been extended and expanded from simple passive safety to active and passive safety integration. In this paper, the differences between the world's mainstream automotive safety assessment procedures are compared and analyzed from three aspects: occupant protection in the vehicle, vulnerable road user protection outside the vehicle, and active safety. The key technical points of vehicle safety development for each evaluation condition are summarized and the development trend of safety evaluation procedures for new energy and intelligent networked vehicles is discussed. The research concludes that the mainstream automotive safety evaluation procedures are becoming more and more stringent in passive safety evaluation, with the proportion of active safety evaluation conditions gradually increasing, and the development focus of the future evaluation procedures will focus on the integration of active and passive safety and virtual evaluation for complex working conditions. In addition, the battery safety test for new energy vehicles has been relatively perfect, and the future research focus can be expanded to the direction of electronic control system testing, chassis stability testing, and unified standardization certification of charging and swapping facilities and supporting equipment. In the medium and long term, the construction of reasonable and reliable evaluation methods such as OTA (over the air) testing of intelligent networked vehicles and HMI (human machine interface) safety and comfort will become a major difficulty concerned by the industry, and a composite evaluation system combining the virtual and reality can be built with the help of tools such as autonomous driving simulators.

Key words: automotive safety assessment, active and passive safety, new energy vehicles, intelligent connected cars