高耐久性低铂氧还原催化剂的设计与开发

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢燃料电池汽车被视为零碳交通的最终解决方案。近年来，关键组件的技术不断迭代，使其能够满足短途交通运输的基本需求。然而，未来多样的商业应用场景对制造成本和电堆这一核心组件的耐久性提出了更高的要求。燃料电池的阴极Pt基催化剂在本质上可以提高电堆的功率密度，但其高昂的价格成为电堆成本增加的主要原因，降低Pt的含量同时提高催化性能已成为催化剂的重要研究方向。然而，一旦Pt含量降低，催化剂的耐久性就会面临新的挑战。因此，设计和开发高耐久性低Pt催化剂对于提升电堆和燃料电池汽车的寿命至关重要。本文从分析Pt基催化剂的催化反应机理以及在燃料电池汽车实际工况下低Pt催化剂的衰减机理出发，重点基于Pt活性位点的优化探讨了提升其耐久性的原理。此外，对现有研究成果进行了综述，最后展望了未来高性能低Pt氧还原催化剂的设计和开发方向。

关键词: 燃料电池汽车, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 氧还原反应, 高耐久性低铂催化剂

Abstract:

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles （FCVs） are considered as the ultimate solution fore zero carbon transportation. In recent years， the key components' technologies of FCVs have been continuously promoted to meet the basic needs of short-distance transportation. However， the diverse commercial application scenarios in the future have put forward higher requirements for manufacturing cost and durability of the core components of the fuel cell stack. The cathode Pt-based catalyst fundamentally enhances the power density of the fuel cell stack， but its high price has become the main reason for the increase of stack cost. Decreasing the Pt content while improving catalyst performance has become an important research direction for catalysts. However， the durability of the catalyst will face new challenges with the decrease of the Pt content. Therefore， the design and development of high-durability， low-Pt catalysts are crucial for enhancing the lifespan of the fuel stack and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Starting from the analysis of the catalytic reaction mechanism of Pt-based catalysts and the attenuation mechanism of low Pt catalysts under actual operating conditions of FCVs， this paper focuses on the optimization of Pt active sites to explore the principles of improving their durability. Additionally， a review of existing research results is conducted and finally the design and development direction of high-performance low-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts in the future are discussed.

Key words: fuel cell vehicles （FCVs）, proton exchange membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）, oxygen reduction reaction （ORR）, high durability low-Pt catalyst

赵路甜,王佳,王易,方海峰. 高耐久性低铂氧还原催化剂的设计与开发[J]. 汽车工程, 2025, 47(12): 2366-2377.

Lutian Zhao,Jia Wang,Yi Wang,Haifeng Fang. Designing and Developing High Durability Low-Pt Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(12): 2366-2377.

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