汽车工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 995-1004.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.07.006

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自动驾驶汽车高速超车轨迹跟踪协调控制

张志勇1(),龙凯1,杜荣华1,黄彩霞2   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙 410114
    2.汽车动力与传动系统湖南省重点实验室(湖南工程学院),湘潭 411104
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-28 修回日期:2021-01-28 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 张志勇 E-mail:zzy04@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51675057);湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4603);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(18K049)

Trajectory Tracking Coordinated Control for Autonomous Vehicle in High⁃speed Overtaking

Zhiyong Zhang1(),Kai Long1,Ronghua Du1,Caixia Huang2   

  1. 1.College of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114
    2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System(Hunan Institute of Engineering),Xiangtan 411104
  • Received:2020-08-28 Revised:2021-01-28 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-20
  • Contact: Zhiyong Zhang E-mail:zzy04@163.com

摘要:

自动驾驶汽车高速超车时不仅要规划合理的换道路径来保证安全性,而且还要确保车辆高速转弯行驶的横向稳定性和舒适性。针对车辆超车的换道、匀速和换道3个阶段,分别规划了纵向速度和横向超车路径。提出了考虑路径曲率、换道时间、纵向车速的期望横摆角速度计算方法。以最小化横向位置偏差、横摆角速度跟踪偏差和控制增量为优化目标,通过可拓集的关联函数动态分配轨迹跟踪精度和横向稳定性的权重系数,建立了自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪的多目标模型预测可拓协调控制策略。数值仿真结果表明,提出的路径规划方法能保证车辆安全超车,轨迹跟踪控制策略不仅能精确地跟踪规划的路径,而且具有较高的横向稳定性和舒适性。

关键词: 路径规划, 轨迹跟踪, 模型预测控制, 自动驾驶汽车, 高速超车

Abstract:

In high?speed overtaking of autonomous vehicles, it is necessary not only to plan a reasonable path for vehicle safety, but also to ensure the lateral stability and ride comfort of the vehicle in high?speed turning on curve. Firstly, the longitudinal speed and the lateral overtaking path are planned respectively for the three phases of overtaking, i.e. lane change, uniform speed and lane change. Then a calculation method of desired yaw rate with consideration of path curvature, lane change time, and longitudinal speed is put forward. Finally, with minimizing lateral position error, yaw rate tracking deviation and control increment as optimization objectives, and by using the correlation function of extension set to dynamically assign the weighting factors of trajectory tracking accuracy and lateral stability, an extension set?based multi?objective model predictive coordinated control strategy for autonomous vehicle trajectory tracking is established. Numerical simulation results show that the path planning method proposed can ensure the safe overtaking of vehicle, while the trajectory tracking control strategy set up can accurately track the planned path, with better lateral stability and ride comfort.

Key words: path planning, trajectory tracking, model predictive control, autonomous vehicle, high?speed overtaking