汽车工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 86-93.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.01.011

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基于直接CAA与SEA的汽车风噪预测与控制

王亓良1,陈鑫1,张英朝1(),关青青1,张延杰2,张岩金2,林清龙2   

  1. 1.吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130022
    2.东南(福建)汽车工业有限公司汽车研究院,福州 350119
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-22 修回日期:2020-10-07 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 张英朝 E-mail:yingchao@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11702109)

Vehicle Wind Noise Prediction and Control Based on Direct CAA and SEA

Qiliang Wang1,Xin Chen1,Yingchao Zhang1(),Qingqing Guan1,Yanjie Zhang2,Yanjin Zhang2,Qinglong Lin2   

  1. 1.Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130022
    2.Soueast (Fujian) Motor Co. ,Ltd. ,Fuzhou 350119
  • Received:2020-07-22 Revised:2020-10-07 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-02-03
  • Contact: Yingchao Zhang E-mail:yingchao@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

本文中对某一SUV风噪的预测与控制进行研究。首先基于风洞测试进行风噪声源特性与传递路径的分析,发现泄漏噪声主要发生在500 Hz以上中高频段,车底风噪主要集中于800 Hz以下中低频段,而在外形噪声中,由车顶和四门传递的风噪的贡献大于翼子板。然后基于气动噪声直接计算法和统计能量分析对外形噪声进行仿真,并结合风洞测试分析了湍流模型、网格尺寸和波数分析方式对风噪仿真精度的影响。结果表明,大涡模拟的高频风噪衰减低于分离涡模拟,且大涡模拟对高频风噪的仿真精度和计算效率都比分离涡模拟高;在计算资源允许范围内对比不同网格尺寸,最小网格为2 mm时侧窗声压级的截止频率最高可达2 000 Hz;单区域波数分析低估了中低频风噪声的能量,精度较低。多区域波数分析中,声能量较低的区域对仿真精度影响较小。最后基于贡献度分析提出后视镜支臂减薄和安装在车门上两种改进方案进行仿真,结果表明,改进后车内总声压级分别降低1.38和1.93 dB,语音清晰度提升0.4%和1.1%。

关键词: 汽车, 风噪, 仿真, 直接计算法, 统计能量分析, 波数分析

Abstract:

The prediction and control on the wind noise of a SUV is studied in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of wind noise source and transmission path are analyzed based on wind tunnel test, and it is found that the leakage noise is mainly produced in the mid?to?high frequency range above 500 Hz, the underbody wind noise is mainly concentrated in the mid?to?low frequency range below 800 Hz, while for outer shape noise, the contribution of wind noise transmitted by the roof and four doors is higher than that of the fender. Then the shape noise is simulated based on the aeroacoustics direct calculation and statistical energy analysis, and the influence of turbulence model, mesh size and wave number analysis mode on the accuracy of wind noise simulation is analyzed by combining wind tunnel test. The results show that the attenuation of high?frequency wind noise with large eddy simulation (LES) is less than that with improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES), and both the accuracy and the calculation efficiency of high?frequency wind noise simulation with LES are higher than that with IDDES. The comparison of different mesh size within the allowable range of computing resources indicate that with the smallest mesh size of 2 mm, the cut?off frequency of the sound pressure level at side window can reach up to 2 000 Hz. As for the modes of wavenumber analysis, the single?area wavenumber analysis underestimates the energy of mid?to?low frequency wind noise with low accuracy, while in multi?area wavenumber analysis, the area with lower sound energy has less influence on simulation accuracy. Finally, based on contribution analysis, two improving schemes are proposed: reducing the thickness of the support arm of rearview mirror and installing the rearview mirror on the door. As a result, with two improving schemes the overall sound pressure level in the vehicle is reduced by 1.38 and 1.93 dB, and the speech articulation is increased by 0.4% and 1.1% respectively.

Key words: vehicle, wind noise, simulation, direct calculation, statistical energy analysis, wavenumber analysis