汽车工程 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1809-1817.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.12.002

所属专题: 智能网联汽车技术专题-感知&HMI&测评2022年

• • 上一篇    下一篇

分布式多车协同视觉SLAM系统

蒋朝阳(),兰天然,郑晓妮,高九龙,叶学通   

  1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京  100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04 修回日期:2022-07-26 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 蒋朝阳 E-mail:cjiang@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52002026)

Distributed Multi-vehicle Collaborative Visual SLAM System

Chaoyang Jiang(),Tianran Lan,Xiaoni Zheng,Jiulong Gao,Xuetong Ye   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing  100081
  • Received:2022-07-04 Revised:2022-07-26 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-22
  • Contact: Chaoyang Jiang E-mail:cjiang@bit.edu.cn

摘要:

可靠的定位与导航是实现自动驾驶的先决条件。单车视觉同时定位与建图(SLAM)技术能够在GNSS拒止的情况下实现车辆的定位,但累积误差会随运行时间逐渐增加,难以持续准确完成定位任务。通过多车协同视觉SLAM可以提升定位效果。本文提出了一种鲁棒、轻量化的分布式多车协同视觉SLAM系统,该系统以ORB-SLAM2作为视觉里程计,利用NetVLAD全局图像描述子实现多车间共视区域识别和数据关联;提出了一种基于数据相似性和结构一致性的方法,实现多车间闭环离群值剔除;提出了一种分布式位姿图优化方法,提高多车协同定位精度。经过自主搭建平台所采集的真实数据以及KITTI数据集测试,该系统相较于已有的主流视觉SLAM算法以及协同SLAM算法均具有更高的定位精度。

关键词: 多车协同, 同时定位与建图, 视觉位置识别, 自动驾驶

Abstract:

Reliable localization and navigation are prerequisites for autonomous driving. Single-vehicle visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) enables vehicle localization in GNSS denial environment. However, the cumulative error will gradually increase with the running time, which leads to a great challenge of continuous and accurate localization. Therefore, localization can be improved by multi-vehicle collaborative visual SLAM. In this paper, a robust and lightweight distributed multi-vehicle collaborative visual SLAM system is proposed. The system uses ORB-SLAM2 as visual odometry, and uses global image descriptors NetVLAD for multi-vehicle place recognition and data association. A method based on data similarity and structural consistency is proposed to solve multi-vehicle loop-closure outlier rejection. Moreover, a distributed pose graph optimization method is proposed, which can enhance the accuracy of multi-vehicle collaborative localization. The system has been tested on our datasets collected by autonomous platform and KITTI datasets. The experiment results show that the proposed system outperforms the existing visual SLAM and collaborative SLAM.

Key words: multi-vehicle collaboration, SLAM, visual place recognition, autonomous vehicles