汽车工程

汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1296-1304.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.07.007

• • 上一篇    

实际道路工况下燃料电池寿命性能衰减研究

常文1,邵赓华1,郭凤刚1,张敬贵1,吴永豪2,赵宏建1,刘尹1,张健1,姚东升1()   

  1. 1.北汽福田汽车股份有限公司工程研究总院，北京 102206
    2.北京石油化工学院信息工程学院，北京 102617
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 姚东升 E-mail:yaodongsheng@foton.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二十七届中国科协年会学术论文。国家重点研发计划项目“储供氢系统应用与快速加注验证”(2021YFB2500505)

Study on Fuel Cell Lifetime Degradation Under Real-World Driving Conditions

Wen Chang1,Genghua Shao1,Fenggang Guo1,Jinggui Zhang1,Yonghao Wu2,Hongjian Zhao1,Yin Liu1,Jian Zhang1,Dongsheng Yao1()   

  1. 1.Engineering Research Institute，Beiqi Foton Motor Co. ，Ltd. ，Beijing 102206
    2.College of Information Engineering，Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology，Beijing 102617
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-03-21 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Dongsheng Yao E-mail:yaodongsheng@foton.com.cn

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摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）寿命衰减与实际道路工况的耦合机制是氢燃料汽车（FCV）商业化的核心瓶颈。本研究基于北京、宁波的3支城郊物流车队（60辆FCV，2022-2024年数据），提取典型工况并构建电压衰减模型。结果表明：（1）高频工况（高频次、长距离运输）加速衰减，对应催化层溶解与扩散层老化机理；（2）典型城郊工况中城镇工况劣化显著，印证了频繁启停促使铂团聚与膜损伤；（3）南方沿海城郊工况（宁波：高温湿、盐雾环境）衰减速率为北京相似工况的5倍，主因是PEMFC极板被电化学腐蚀；（4）数据驱动线性模型拟合度高（＞98%），验证了寿命预测可行性。研究为PEMFC耐久性设计与区域化运营提供定量支撑。

关键词: 实际道路工况, 燃料电池汽车, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 性能衰减预测

Abstract:

The coupling mechanism between life decay of proton exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFC） and real-world driving conditions is the core bottleneck of the commercialization of hydrogen fuel vehicles （FCVS）. Based on three suburban logistics fleets （60 FCVS， 2022-2024 data） in Beijing and Ningbo， in this study typical working conditions are extracted and a voltage attenuation model is constructed. The results show that： （1） the attenuation is accelerated under high frequency conditions （high frequency， long distance transport）， which corresponds to the dissolution mechanism of the catalytic layer and the aging mechanism of the diffusion layer； （2） In typical suburban working conditions， the deterioration of urban working conditions is significant， which verifies that frequent start-stop accelerates platinum agglomeration and membrane damage； （3） The attenuation rate of southern coastal suburban conditions （Ningbo： high temperature and humidity， salt spray environment） is 5 times that of similar conditions in Beijing， mainly due to electrochemical corrosion of PEMFC plate； （4） High data-driven linear model fitting degree （＞98%）， verifies the feasibility of life prediction. This study provides quantitative support for durability design and regional operation of PEMFC.

Key words: real-world driving conditions, fuel cell vehicle （FCV）, proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, performance degradation prediction