汽车工程 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 601-608.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.04.015

所属专题: 新能源汽车技术-电驱动&能量管理2022年

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纯电动汽车低压电气系统效率研究

程夕明1(),胡薇1,翟钧2,罗荣华2,张盼1,徐野1   

  1. 1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,电动车辆国家工程实验室,北京  100081
    2.重庆长安汽车股份有限公司,重庆  400020
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-21 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 程夕明 E-mail:cxm2004@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0106104)

Study on the Efficiency of Low-voltage Electric System in Battery Electric Vehicles

Ximing Cheng1(),Wei Hu1,Jun Zhai2,Ronghua Luo2,Pan Zhang1,Ye Xu1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,National Engineering Lab for Electric Vehicles,Beijing  100081
    2.Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. ,Ltd. ,Chongqing  400020
  • Received:2021-07-21 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-22
  • Contact: Ximing Cheng E-mail:cxm2004@bit.edu.cn

摘要:

为降低纯电动汽车的能耗和延长其续航里程,系统地研究了纯电动汽车低压电气系统效率低下的原因和能量管理策略的改进措施。首先,采用前向仿真方法构建适应长时间快速运行的低压电气系统效率模型,其中,DC/DC变换器效率模型由1阶惯性环节和效率插值函数组成,系统控制模型包括了浮充控制和规则控制两种策略。然后,搭建了系统试验台架,进行部件和系统的性能测试,以提取模型参数。最后,通过仿真和试验研究了负载功率、变换器效率、环境温度、蓄电池类型和控制策略对系统效率的影响。结果表明:系统效率会随着平均功率的减小、变换器效率的降低和蓄电池内阻的增高而下降,怠速时间的缩短、控制策略的改进和蓄电池类型更换都能提升系统效率,且规则控制的锂离子电池低压电气系统在轻载条件下能使系统效率提升10%。

关键词: 纯电动汽车, 低压电气系统, 锂离子电池, 能量管理, 规则控制

Abstract:

In order to reduce the energy consumption and extend the driving range of battery electric vehicles, the cause of the poor efficiency of low-voltage electric system is systematically investigated for improving its energy management strategy. Firstly, the efficiency model of the low-voltage system, adapted to longtime fast operation is built by using forward simulation method,in which, the efficiency model of DC/DC converter consists of a first-order inertia loop and an efficiency-interpolation function, while the system control model covers two strategies for floating control and rule control. Then, test bench is constructed to measure the performances of the components and system with model parameters extracted. Finally, both simulation and test are conducted to study the influences of load power, converter efficiency, ambient temperature, battery types, and control strategies on system efficiency. The results show that the system efficiency will fall with the reduction of mean power, the reduction of converter efficiency and the increase of battery inner resistance, and will rise with the shortening of idle period, the improvement of control strategies and the change of battery types, and in light load condition, using rule control can enhance the efficiency of low-voltage electric system by 10%.

Key words: battery electric vehicle, low-voltage electric system, lithium-ion battery, energy management, rule control