汽车工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 791-798.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.06.001

• •    下一篇

考虑电池电-热-放电深度的并联PHEV能量管理策略研究

解少博(),张康康,张乾坤,罗慧冉   

  1. 长安大学汽车学院,西安 710064
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-01 修回日期:2021-01-08 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-29
  • 通讯作者: 解少博 E-mail:xieshaobo@chd.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52072047);陕西省自然科学基金(2019JQ-439);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102221202)

Study on Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Plug⁃in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Electric⁃Thermal⁃Depth⁃of⁃Discharge

Shaobo Xie(),Kangkang Zhang,Qiankun Zhang,Huiran Luo   

  1. School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064
  • Received:2020-12-01 Revised:2021-01-08 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-29
  • Contact: Shaobo Xie E-mail:xieshaobo@chd.edu.cn

摘要:

在插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)能量管理策略的设计中考虑电池老化的影响对提升整车的经济性意义重大。针对配置自动机械式变速器的并联PHEV,考虑影响电池老化的电-热-放电深度三重耦合因素并利用模型预测控制(MPC),实现挡位选择和转矩分配的协同、实时优化。首先,根据车速谱与电池老化动力学辨识电池在整个行程的最优放电深度。其次,基于最优放电深度建立电池放电规划和预测时域的参考SOC,并利用庞特里亚金最小值原理(PMP)求解滚动时域内的优化问题。与未考虑电池寿命的MPC、采用固定挡位的一维模型预测控制(1D?MPC)和基于动态规划优化方法的MPC等多种方法进行对比。结果表明:(1)优化并联PHEV的挡位可有效降低电池老化成本;(2)与采用规则型换挡策略的1D?MPC相比,对挡位选择和转矩分配同时进行优化的二维模型预测控制(2D?MPC)有利于降低电池核心温度和电池的老化成本;(3)与基于规则的CD?CS策略相比,提出的2D?MPC可将总成本(能耗成本和电池寿命损失成本之和)降低28.2%。

关键词: 并联插电式混合动力汽车, 能源管理, 电池老化, 模型预测控制, 放电深度

Abstract:

Considering the influence of battery aging in the design of energy management strategy of plug?in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is of great significance for improving the vehicle economy. An energy management strategy is proposed for parallel PHEVs equipped with automatic mechanical transmission while considering triple coupled factors of electric?thermal?depth?of?discharge which influence battery aging, and model predictive control (MPC) is used to achieve real?time co?optimization of gear?shifting and torque distribution. Firstly, the optimal depth of battery discharge over the entire trip is identified based on historical speed profiles and battery aging dynamics. Secondly, with the optimal depth?of?discharge, the battery discharge planning and reference SOC in the preview horizon are established where the Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP) is leveraged to solve the co?optimization problem. Then, it is compared with the MPC without considering battery aging, one?dimensional MPC (1D?MPC) where a scheduled gear?shifting policy is used, and MPC with the dynamic programming based optimization method. The results show that the following :(1) Optimizing the gear?shifting for parallel PHEVs can effectively reduce the battery aging cost;(2) Compared with the one?dimensional model predictive control strategy (1D?MPC) with regular shift strategy, the two?dimensional model predictive control strategy (2D?MPC) with simultaneous optimization of gear selection and torque distribution is conducive to reduce the battery core temperature and aging cost;(3) Compared with the rule?based CD?CS strategy, the proposed 2D?MPC method can reduce the total cost (the sum of energy consumption cost and battery aging cost) by 28.2 %.

Key words: parallel plug?in hybrid electric vehicle, energy management, battery aging, model predictive control, depth?of?discharge