汽车工程 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 2318-2329.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.12.014

所属专题: 底盘&动力学&整车性能专题2023年

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非结构化道路下离轴式拖挂车辆主动避障控制研究

胡丹丹,尹鹏飞,牛国臣(),赵金聚   

  1. 中国民航大学机器人研究所,天津  300300
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-20 修回日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-21
  • 通讯作者: 牛国臣 E-mail:niu_guochen@139.com
  • 基金资助:
    天津市科技计划项目(17ZXHLGX00120);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3122019043)

Research on Active Obstacle Avoidance Control of Off-axis Trailing Vehicle on Unstructured Road

Dandan Hu,Pengfei Yin,Guochen Niu(),Jinju Zhao   

  1. Robotices Institute,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin  300300
  • Received:2022-05-20 Revised:2022-06-20 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2023-12-21
  • Contact: Guochen Niu E-mail:niu_guochen@139.com

摘要:

为实现离轴式拖挂车辆在非结构化道路下的主动避障,提出一种基于拖挂车辆模型预测控制的主动避障控制器,且无须全局路径与路径跟踪器支持。首先,基于刚体运动学和非完整约束建立挂接全挂车的拖挂系统运动学模型,并对其运动特性分析与验证。其次,根据拖挂系统运动学模型建立离轴式拖挂车辆的预测模型。最后,提出一种无须全局路径支持,且满足拖挂车辆转弯避碰的惩罚函数,并针对拖挂系统的安全性与稳定性设计目标函数,采用非线性求解器对目标函数优化,将优化输出离散控制序列作用于拖挂系统。仿真与实车实验表明,离轴式拖挂系统主动避障控制器能使拖挂车辆在满足剪切碰撞约束的前提下安全避障,且全挂车避障路径与非避障最短路径的横向误差及航向误差均能收敛。

关键词: 离轴式拖挂车辆, 非结构化道路, 模型预测控制, 主动避障, 全挂车

Abstract:

To achieve active obstacle avoidance of off axis-towed vehicles on unstructured road, an active obstacle avoidance controller based on model predictive control (MPC) without the support of global path and path tracker is proposed. Firstly, a kinematic model of the towing system for coupling fuller trailer based on rigid-body kinematics and incomplete restraints is established, and its motion characteristics are analyzed and verified. Secondly, according to the kinematic model of the trailer system, the prediction model of the off-axle trailer vehicle is established. Finally, a penalty function for turning collision avoidance without global path support is proposed, and an objective function is designed for the safety and stability of the trailer system, which is optimized by a nonlinear solver, with the optimal output discrete control sequence applied to the trailer system. Simulation and real vehicle experiments show that the active obstacle avoidance controller of the off-axis towing system can make the towing vehicle avoid obstacles safely on the premise of meeting the shear collision constraint. Besides, lateral error and heading error of obstacle avoidance path and shortest non-obstacle avoidance path of full trailer can be reduced.

Key words: off-axle type trailer, unstructured road, MPC, active obstacle avoidance, full trailer